To determine whether reading books makes us smarter, we first need to understand what smartness actually entails.

Smartness is not an innate trait; it is an acquired aptitude. We become smarter as we accumulate knowledge throughout our lives. The extent of our knowledge and our ability to apply it in daily situations define our level of smartness. With this understanding, we can explore whether reading can enhance our intelligence.

If asked to give a one-word answer, it would be “yes.” However, a simple yes does not explain how reading contributes to increased smartness. Let’s delve into the specifics of how reading books can make you smarter.

For the purposes of this discussion, “reading” refers specifically to reading a book—from cover to cover, page by page, with a deep understanding of the content.

Does Reading Increase IQ?

IQ, or intelligence quotient, is a measure of one’s cognitive abilities. While there is no documented direct correlation between the amount of reading and an individual’s IQ score, it is important to consider the various types of intelligence influenced by reading.

Fluid Intelligence

Fluid intelligence is the ability to reason, make connections, solve problems, and understand abstract concepts. Although fluid intelligence is largely innate, reading can enhance this form of intelligence. Reading, particularly novels, exposes you to different perceptions of time and space, deepens your understanding of characters’ thoughts and interactions, and improves your comprehension of abstract and dynamic concepts.

Crystallized Intelligence

Crystallized intelligence encompasses our accumulated knowledge, including vocabulary and skills acquired over time. Reading significantly impacts crystallized intelligence, as much of our general knowledge comes from reading. Thus, regular reading can greatly enhance this type of intelligence.

Emotional Intelligence

Emotional intelligence, popularized by Daniel Goleman’s 1995 bestseller “Emotional Intelligence,” refers to the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions in oneself and others. Although emotional intelligence cannot be measured as precisely as IQ, studies indicate a strong correlation between emotional intelligence and reading. Readers, especially those who start young, find it easier to understand and manage their own emotions and empathize with others due to the diverse experiences and perspectives they encounter through characters in books.

Evidence Supporting Reading and Increased Intelligence

Research suggests that regular reading can significantly boost IQ. Reading for 30 minutes a day can potentially increase IQ by up to 50 points. Reading five books a month can boost IQ by an additional 30 points. This increase is due to the development of new neural pathways in the brain, enhancing clear and creative thinking, which is a vital component of intelligence.

Conclusion

So, does reading increase intelligence? To some extent, yes. While reading will not alter hard-coded personal traits in your DNA, it can develop various types of intelligence that are crucial for everyday life. Reading enhances fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, and emotional intelligence, all of which contribute to making you smarter in a comprehensive sense.